丨纠错提交丨
1．表示方位的介词
We walked across① the beach，through② the woods and finally came to③ the house which was under④the big tree marked in⑤ the map.After stepping into⑥ the house，we found a small black table，over⑦ which was a lamp.Then we looked around⑧，only to find nothing.My friend found something special—an empty box.Beneath⑨ it was a note saying，“Stand beside⑩ the window and look out of⑪ it.” From⑫ the window we saw another house beyond⑬ a small hill.
[规则感悟] ①across指从较为平坦的表面穿过。②through指从立体的事物中间穿过。③to指“到某处，去某处”。④under在……下面，无接触面。⑤in在……里面。⑥into到……里面。⑦over在……正上方(无接触面)；on在……上面(有接触面)。⑧around在/向……周围。⑨beneath在……下面(有接触面)。⑩beside在……旁边。⑪out of向/在……外面。⑫from从……。⑬beyond 在/向……较远的一边，超出。
2．表示时间的介词
It happened on① a Saturday morning in② November,2021.My parents left home at③ 6：00 am to meet my uncle at the airport and told me they would come back in② two hours.However，it wasn’t long before④ someone knocked at the door，and I looked through the peephole and saw a stranger.I quickly locked the door from the inside，and didn’t open it until⑤ my parents came back.During⑥ the two hours，the stranger always tried to tell me something but I wouldn’t listen to him.On seeing my parents，the stranger said，“I have been waiting out of the door for⑦ two hours since 6：10 am.” Why had my uncle changed so much over⑧ the years?
[规则感悟] ①on指在具体的某一天。②in用在年/月/季节/世纪等大时间之前，或者指上/下午或晚上；也可用在表示一段时间的词之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在几点钟或night/noon之前。④before在……之前。⑤until直到……时候。⑥during在……期间。⑦for表示延续一段时间。⑧over表示“在……期间”，表延续。
3．表示原因的介词
John was punished for① cheating in the exam.His father was angry at/over② it and he trembled with③ anger because of④ John’s bad behaviour.
[规则感悟] ①for表示原因，后面可以跟名词(词组)或动名词。②at/over用在表示情绪的形容词之后，后面跟代词或名词(词组)。③with用在表示情绪的名词之前。④because of/owing to/due to/thanks to之后不跟陈述句，跟名词(短语)/名词性从句。
4．其他重要介词
Between① the two opinions，I am for② the first one but against③ the second one.By④ wearing school uniforms，students can be treated equally by④ others despite⑤ the different economic backgrounds among⑥ them.Besides⑦，the price is within⑧ students’ reach.Most students except⑨ a minority of them say school uniforms are good except for⑩ the fact that they are not fashionable.
[规则感悟] ①between表示“两者之间”。②for表示“支持”。③against表示“反对”。④by表示“借助/通过……”，也可以表示“被……”。⑤despite表示“尽管”，等于in spite of。⑥among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(还)”。⑧within表示“在……范围之内”。⑨except表示同类事物除外。⑩except for表示与整体陈述相对的细节修补。
一、介词的省略
1．当表示时间的词前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等时，介词常省略。
We watched an exciting football match last week.
上周我们观看了一场激动人心的足球赛。
Come any day you like.你想哪天来就哪天来。
2．表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一……”讲时，其前不用介词。
An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
每天一个苹果，医生远离我。
3．习惯搭配中介词的省略。
一些常和动词、名词或形容词搭配使用的介词常可省略，常见的此类搭配有spend some time (in) doing sth，waste some time (in) doing sth，have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth，be busy (in) doing sth，stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth等。
Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty (in) waking him up.
弗兰克坚持说自己没有睡觉，虽然我叫醒他费了好大劲。
二、介词不可省略的问题
1．在被动语态中，动词短语中的介词不能省略。
The children have been taken good care of in the kindergarten.
这些孩子在幼儿园里得到了很好的照顾。
2．当非谓语动词表示被动意义时，相关介词也不可省略。
The problem is well worth paying attention to.
这个问题很值得关注。
3．在定语从句中，当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语为不及物动词时，必须加上介词。
The library which we often go to is not far away from our school.
我们常去的那个图书馆距离我们学校不远。
三、介词短语
1．介词与名词构成的搭配：
(1)at＋名词
at a loss不知所措
at the cost of以……的代价
at peace处于和平状态
at the risk of冒……的危险
at war处于战争状态
at the mercy of在……支配下；由……摆布
at the same time同时
(2)on＋名词
on exhibition/show/display在展出
on account of因为
on fire着火
on average平均；一般地
on sale出售；打折
on behalf of代表
on no account/condition决不
on the decrease/increase在减少/在增加
on holiday/vacation在度假
(3)by＋名词
by accident/chance偶然地
by hand手工
by mistake错误地
by the day按天算
by coincidence碰巧
by nature天生地
(4)in＋名词
in cash用现金付款
in charge of掌管
in depth在深度上
in return作为回报
in detail详细地
in danger (of) 在危险中，垂危
in height在高度上
in spite of尽管
in length在长度上
in exchange for作为交换
in favor of支持，赞成
in no time立刻
in case of万一；如果；假使
in no way决不
in support of为支持……
in place of代替
in honour of为向……表示敬意
in possession of拥有，占有
in memory of为了纪念……
in addition to另外
(5)of＋名词
of benefit有益处的
of significance有意义的
of help有帮助的
of use有用的
of importance重要的
of value有价值的
(6)out of＋名词
out of balance失去平衡
out of order发生故障
out of breath上气不接下气
out of sight看不见
out of control失去控制
out of the question不可能
out of date过期
out of work失业
out of touch失去联系
(7)under＋名词
under attack遭到袭击
under treatment在治疗中
under pressure在压力下
under control处于控制之中
under repair在修理中
under discussion在讨论中
(8)with＋名词
with delight/joy高兴地
with fear害怕地
with difficulty困难地
with pleasure乐意地
with ease轻而易举地
(9)beyond＋名词
beyond compare无与伦比
beyond description难以描述
beyond reach够不到
beyond expression/words难以表达
2．形容词与介词构成的搭配：
(1)be＋adj.＋about
be anxious about为……忧虑
be curious about对……好奇
be particular about对……讲究/挑剔
be worried/concerned about对……担心
(2)be＋adj.＋at
be angry at因/对……生气
be good at擅长
be astonished at对……吃惊
be present at出席
(3)be＋adj.＋in
be absorbed in专注于……
be active in积极于……
be dressed in穿着……
be engaged in忙于……
be rich in富含……
be occupied in忙于……
(4)be＋adj.＋for
be eager for渴望……
be famous for因……著名
be fit for适合，胜任……
be ready for准备好……
be sorry for对……感到抱歉
be prepared for为……做好准备
(5)be＋adj.＋from
be absent from缺席
be different from不同于
be far from远离
be free from不受……影响
(6)be＋adj.＋to
be close to接近……
be devoted to致力于……
be equal to等于……；胜任……
be familiar to对……熟悉
be friendly to对……友好
be harmful to对……有害
be kind to对……友好
be similar to与……相似
be grateful to对……心存感激
(7)be＋adj.＋of
be aware of意识到……
be fond of喜欢……
be proud of因……而自豪
be short of缺乏……
be critical of对……挑剔
(8)be＋adj.＋with
be busy with忙于……
be familiar with对……熟悉
be combined with与……结合
be patient with对……有耐心
be popular with受……欢迎
be pleased with对……感到满意
be angry with (sb)对(某人)生气
3．介词与其他词构成的搭配：
but for要不是
instead of代替
regardless of不管，不顾
apart from除……之外
up to直到；由……决定
according to根据
along with随着
together with连同
by means of用……办法；借助……
owing to因为
四、动词与介词构成的搭配
1．“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构
accuse sb of sth指责/控告某人某事
cure sb of sth治好某人的某种疾病
rid sb of sth使某人摆脱某物
cheat sb of sth骗走某人某物
remind sb of sth使某人想起某事
inform sb of sth通知某人某事
rob sb of sth抢劫某人某物
warn sb of sth警告某人某事
convince sb of sth使某人确信某事
suspect sb of sth怀疑某人某事
2．“动词＋sb＋for＋doing sth”结构
blame sb for doing sth指责某人做某事
criticize sb for doing sth(scold sb for doing sth)批评某人做某事
pardon sb for doing sth(excuse sb for doing sth)原谅某人做某事
punish sb for doing sth因做某事而惩罚某人
thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事
3．“动词＋sb/sth＋from＋(doing) sth”结构
prevent/stop/keep sb/sth from doing sth阻止某人/物做某事
protect/preserve/defend/shelter sb/sth from being done保护某人/物免于被……
ban/prohibit sb/sth from doing sth禁止某人/物做某事
4．其他常考的动词与介词的搭配
account for 占……(比例)；解释……(原因)
act as 充当；起作用
break away from 脱离；逃离
bring about 引起；导致；造成
call for (去)接；需要；(公开)要求
carry out 履行；实施；执行
carry through 帮助……渡过难关；成功完成；顺利实现
come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；发现
come to an end 终止，结束
come up with 提出
do harm to 对……有害
do without 没有……也行；没有……而设法对付过去
end up with 以……结束
get across 被传达；被理解；把……讲清楚
get around 传播；流传；各处走动
get down to 开始做某事；开始认真注意(或对待)某事
get over 解决；克服；控制
get rid of 除去，去掉；免除，摆脱
get through 正式通过；(用电话)接通，联系上；顺利通过(考试等)
give rise to使发生
give way to屈服；退让；让步
go against违反；与……不符
go in for参加考试(或竞赛)；对某事物有兴趣，爱好
go through经历
keep in touch with与……保持联系
look down on/upon轻视；瞧不起
look into调查；审查
make the best of充分利用；尽力而为
be made up of由……组成
put up with忍受，容忍
see through看穿；识破
see to照料；处理
set about着手做
show around/round领(某人)参观
show off炫耀；展示
take in吸入；理解，领会
take on承担；呈现，具有
work out计算出；制定出
对点练习
1．She patted him on the head and said，“My little boy，do you feel more comfortable now than before？”
2．If you could exchange lives with someone for a short time，would you like to do that?
3．As a result，he spends his life in a wheelchair and cannot write by means of a pen or pencil.
4．But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it.
5．Many times we don’t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them for granted until we find ourselves in a new situation.
6．The teacher paused on purpose to remind the students to stop talking.
1．在抽象名词具体化时，使用不定冠词使文章更加生动简洁
(2020·全国Ⅱ)我们一边摘苹果，一边吃苹果。真是一件乐事啊！
We picked apples while having a good taste of them.What a pleasure!
(2021·新课标Ⅰ)因为被内容所吸引，阅读Youth成为我每天必须做的一件事。
Because I am attracted by the contents，reading Youth becomes a must for me every day.
2．使用it作形式主语可以丰富文章句式
(2022·全国乙)学生自身迫切需要提高自律，家长和老师也迫切需要加强指导。
It’s urgent for students themselves to improve their self-discipline，and it’s also urgent for parents and teachers to strengthen the guidance.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ、Ⅱ)得知我获得了一等奖，三天后将举行颁奖典礼，我感到很兴奋。
It was exciting to learn that I had gained first prize and an award ceremony would be held in three days.
3．使用it 作形式宾语可以使句子亮点更多
(2022·浙江1月)我认为说服他接受我的观点是不可能的，所以我不想浪费我们的时间来讨论。
I thought it impossible to persuade him into accepting my views，so I didn’t want to waste our time discussing.
(2021·全国乙)虽然在线学习让人们获得知识更容易了，但对于缺乏自律的人来说，在线学习也是一个挑战。
Although online learning makes it easier for people to gain knowledge，being online is also a challenge for people who lack self-discipline.
4．用介词短语代替简单的状语从句
(2022·全国乙)由于他们缺乏自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。
Because of their lack of self-discipline，they’re more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.
(2023·全国乙)最终，由于我的坚持和艰苦的努力，我可以自由、独立地滑冰。
Eventually，because of my persistence and painstaking efforts，I could skate freely all by myself.
